Women and Violence Essay Example For Students

Women and Violence Essay Throughout motion picture history, women have experienced more transition in their roles, as a result of changing societal norms, than any other class. At first, both society and the movie industry preached that women should be dependent on men and remain in the home, in order to guarantee stability in the community and the family. As time passed and attitudes changed, women were beginning to be depicted as strong willed, independent minded characters, who were eager to break away from convention. The genre of the crime film represents such a change in the roles handed to women. Two films that can be contrasted, in order to support this view, are: The Public Enemy by William Wellman (1931) and Bonnie Clyde by Arthur Penn (1967). We will write a custom essay on Women and Violence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In The Public Enemy, women are portrayed as naive and/or objects of carnal pleasure by men. In this period, women were often categorized as mothers, mistresses, sisters, or ladies. Ma Powers (played by Beryl Mercer), the lead character Tom Powers(played by James Cagney) mother, is easily fooled by Toms fake stories about where he get his money and doesnt believe that her â€Å"baby boy† could be a vile gangster. At one point during prohibition, when Tom brings home a barrel of beer, she doesnt even question where he obtained it, but rather takes a drink for herself. Ma Powers is the prototypical mother of the 1930s. She is blind to the ways of the world and doesnt see the danger of things, even in regard to her own children. She is a widow who does not work, but is supported by her sons. She is even blind to the fact that her sons hate one another. Even though, her Tom was sadistic killer and gangster, she always welcomes him back lovingly with open arms. At the end of the mov ie, she gets a phone call saying that Tom will be coming home from the hospital, where he had been treated for a gunshot. She rushes upstairs to make his bed and get his room ready, when the doorbell rings and the rival gang drops of Toms gun riddled body. The other women who appear in the movie are portrayed as fast women who are sexual object to be enjoyed by Tom, until he gets tired of them and then throws them away. In one famous movie seen, Tom doesnt appreciate what his mistress moll Kitty (played by Mae Clarke) said to him, so he wickedly squeezes half of a grapefruit into her face. She is left there belittled, too afraid to stick up for herself. With the 1960s, came confusion in the dominant culture about womens roles in the cinema. Women were now being portrayed as powerful, unpredictable, and possessing a mysterious sexual power, which they used to elude male control. The 1960s also brought with it his tensions that resulted the escalating war in Vietnam, the assassination of John F. Kennedy, black ghettos going up in flames, the womens liberation movement, the youth anti-war rebellion and free love theme, and the Civil Rights movement. It was safe to say that the American public had violence on its mind and the movie industry capitalized on the publics apprehensions. Director Arthur Penn used Bonnie Clyde as his medium to imprint the rebellious tone of the 1960s and the uncertainty of the dominant values and norms of society. When were first introduced to the character of Bonnie Parker (played by Faye Dunaway), the camera focuses on her as she is admiring her naked body in the mirror. She then falls back on her bed and the camera views her from the outside of her bed rails, in order to give the viewer the impression that she feels imprisoned by her everyday life. Then, she looks out her window and sees a man attempting to steal her mother’s car on their front yard lawn. She calls out to him and hurriedly puts on clothes to meet him outside. He quickly intrigues her curiosity by saying that she looks like a movie star stuck in a boring waitress job, while telling her that he is a bank robber. She asks him to prove that he is not a â€Å"faker†, so he shows her his gun and, immediately turned on by its erotic dangerousness, dares him by saying, † you wouldn’t have the gumption to use it.† To impress her, he lets her witness a robbery of a small town country store. As they ma ke their getaway in a hot-wired car, he introduces himself as Clyde Barrow (played by Warren Beatty). She instantaneously smothers him with kisses so that he has to pull over on the country road and tells her to â€Å"slow down.† Clyde informs her that he is â€Å"not much of a lover boy†, but instead challenges her mentally by offering her the possibility of leaving the routine behind and becoming someone special and notorious when he says:†You wake up every morning and you hate it. You just hate it. Them truckdrivers come in there to eat your greasy burgers and they kid you, and you kid them back. But they’re stupid and dumb boys with the big old tattoos on them, and you don’t like it. They ask you on dates, and sometimes you go but you mostly don’t because all they’re ever trying to do is get in your pants whether you want them to or not. So you go on home and you sit in your room and you think, Now when and how am I ever gonna get away from this?’ And now you know.†Appealing to Bonnies sense of rebellion and discuss with social norms, she decides to leave with Cylde and start robbing banks. The next morning, Clyde teaches Bonnie how to fire a gun by using an old spare tire. There is great significance in this scene because Bonnie takes her first step towards self empowerment. The gun also serves as a diversion from sex. She is satisfied, almost obsessed, with the phalicness of the gun and becomes sexually charged by using it; the gun becomes her substitute for sex because of Clydes impotence. On their way across Texas, the duo stop at a gas station where they meet C.W. Moss (played by Michael J. Pollard). They decide to recruit C.W. because he is a good mechanic with the car and stole money out of the cash register for their excursion. Later, the pair are joined by Clyde’s older, ex-con brother Buck (played by Gene Hackman) and his stereotypical, subservient wife Blanche (played by Estelle Parsons). They join forces and become the Barrow Gang and head out through Texas. While stopped, the group decide to take pictures with Blanches camera and Bonnie poses in arousing style with her leg resting on the stolen Fords bumper with a cigar in her mouth and holding a gun in her hand. Awakened by her new found sense of power and sexuality, she attempts to document the endowed women she has become, as well as, effectively capturing the mood of the womens movements of the 1960s. This is also the first time we start to see tension between Bonnie and Blanche. Bonnie resent the type of women that Blanche is and calls her an â€Å"ignorant, uneducated hillbilly.† This also further goes to support the ideas of the feminist movement of the 1960s and the attitude of many of the womans liberators toward the â€Å"conventional† women in society. .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da , .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da .postImageUrl , .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da , .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da:hover , .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da:visited , .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da:active { border:0!important; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da:active , .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8011137079fe5512d160d0f1e4fc55da:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Prevalent Issues Of Surrogate Parenting EssayDuring one pivotal scene in the movie, the gang , now in Missouri, is parked by a lake, down a deserted road while Clyde goes out into the woods to relieve himself. Not knowing that they are being followed by Texas Ranger Capt. Frank Hamer (played by Denver Pyle), Clyde shoots the gun out of his hand when he is about to fire at them. They capture the Ranger and handcuff him with his own handcuffs. Bonnie suggests that the humiliate him by taking his picture with the Barrow Gang, this way all of his friends will know that he was captured and that they were â€Å"just as nice as pie† to him. Bonnie puts her arm around t he Ranger, coyly strokes his mustache, and then she posses for Buck to take the picture while she puckers up and kisses Hamer on the lips. Hamer spits in her face with disgust, and Clyde almost drowns Hamer in anger, but then sets him adrift into the lake in a rowboat while he is still handcuffed. This scene is especially important because it shows the arrogant rebellion of both women and the youth in America, during the 1960s. Bonnie shows that she is not afraid of the system and attempts to portrait herself to the public as the benevolent one. She also attempts to degrade the system for trying to take control and castigation over her life, one theme that was also very prevalent with the womens and youth movements of the 1960s. She shows the Texas Ranger that she is a liberated women who is free to taunt male authority. She is a radical women, like many of the women in the 1960s who were disgusted with the system for attempting to repress their sexual and political expressions. During their temporary rest from police chase, Bonnie writes a poem about her adventures with Clyde, called The Story of Bonnie and Clyde. The novice, melodramatic poem, which Clyde sends into a newspaper to be published, compares their gang to the Jessie James gang. It depicts them as a pair of sympathetic, modern day folk heroes with a â€Å"Robin Hood† cause that is at odds with an amoral society. In light of the 1960s mindless violence, the film rang true and gave a logical explanation that the criminal was the product of a warped government and society. With her poem, Bonnie established Bonnie and Clyde as a modern day myth, on that so perfectly foretold their demise. Clyde promised that he would give Bonnie the opportunity â€Å"to be somebody† and she gave him a legacy in return. Although there arent any direct religious symbols in Bonnie Clyde, it is interesting to note that before the end of the film, she picks a piece of fruit out of the bag she has just bought, takes a bite and gives the rest to Clyde. In the following scene, Bonnie and Clyde are ambushed by Texas Ranger Hamer and local law enforcement and shot multiple times, ultimately causing their deaths.. This is the second time that we see Bonnie in the role of Eve and Clyde as Adam. The first time she â€Å"tempted† him was when she first met him and dared him to use his gun. This act lead to the crime spree that would follow, ultimately foreshadowing their inescapable death. The second act of â€Å"temptation†, by Bonnie to Clyde, imminently foreshadows the death of the pair. This gives the viewer the impression that it is Bonnie who controlled their destiny, she is the one who uses her seductively to gain power. In conclusion, it is obvious to argue that genre ideology had undergone immense change from the 1930s when The Public Enemy was released to the 1960s when Bonnie Clyde first premiered on the big screen. The female roles in The Public Enemy were stereotypical of the roles handed to women in the 1930s and also conveyed the zeitgeist of society. During the 1960s, as indicated by Bonnie Clyde, there was the emergence of the womens role as a central character of the plot, one who was just as capable and omnipotent as the male lead character. She was a character that would not be controlled by societys norms or be held captive to male authority. It is safe to say that Bonnie Clyde, helped redefined the role for women in crime and action films. Many recent films, such as Basic Instinct (Paul Verhoeven 1992), Natural Born Killers (Oliver Stone 1993), and The Long Kiss Goodnight (Renny Harlin 1996), have emulated the strong, seductive leading role that Bonnie Clyde helped define. It also helped further that idea that women can hold their own in the crime film genre, both in the box office and by public opinion, and through its innovation may have supported the production of such preceding all-women crime films such as Thelma Louise (Ridley Scott 1991), Set It Off (F. Gary Gray 1996) and Bound (The Wachowski Brothers 1996).

Shaving Policy for Males for US Armed Forces Essay Example

Shaving Policy for Males for US Armed Forces Essay Example Shaving Policy for Males for US Armed Forces Essay Shaving Policy for Males for US Armed Forces Essay In my rush to prepare for the day, I missed a spot shaving. Of course, this is a new experience for me, since I had been proudly shaving since middle school when I had but four whiskers sprouting and would ask my parents, in my 14-year-old unreliably squeaking voice, to pick up a pack of Bic shavers while they were at the grocery store. Since that time, I have produced more than my initial four whiskers and now have too many to count. As I have developed calloused and rough hands from doing heavy duty on a daily basis, it is not impossible to miss a few spots while shaving. That is no excuse, however, for not having full and comprehensive understanding of the US Armed Forces shaving and facial hair policy for males.There will be no beards in the military, unless for health reasons. If there are health reasons for facial hair, an exemption will be authorized by the commanding officer on advice of the medical officer. If facial hair is authorized by the commanding officer as recommende d by the medical officer, the beard must be trimmed so that it does not exceed  ¼-inch in length.   If granted a shaving waiver, members will not shave any facial hair, keeping it at no more than  ¼-inch in length.Mustaches, if authorized, will not extend below the upper lip or sideways beyond a vertical line drawn upward from the corners of the mouth. Sideburns must be neat and taper in the same manner as the haircut, be straight and even and not extend below the bottom of the exterior ear opening. Unless you are in the Navy, in which case sideburns must not extend below the middle of the ear, with no flares or mutton chops.As there are no beards in the military unless a health wavier is granted, that means no facial hair will be present at any time. All shaving will be result in an absence of facial hair from the bottom of the orbital socket to the bottom of the Adam’s apple and laterally from the jaw line distal to the ear to the opposing jaw line distal to the ear, exclusive of side burns that meet standards.To comply with shaving standards of the US Armed Forces, I will not appear unless clean shaven and will maintain policy at all times. Unless I was to have a medical reason for a shaving waiver authorized by my commanding officer on the advice of a medical officer, I should not appear without a cleanly shaven face. A cleanly shaven face demonstrates respect for the uniform and the standards of the finest military in the world. A cleanly shaven face demonstrates a high regard for military policy and a high regard for the rest of personnel in my unit. A cleanly shaven face is simply part of a soldier’s or sailor’s uniform and should be treated with the regard and respect the uniform portends.Therefore, in clear understanding of the importance of a cleanly shaven face in compliance with shaving standards of the United States Armed Forces, I promise to never again be remiss in my shaving practices lest I appear ungroomed or unkemp t.

Argumentative Essay on Management

Argumentative Essay on Management Argumentative Essay on Management Example Argumentative Essay on Management: In the attempt to better the organizational performance, managers have opted to diversify their scope of managerial systems. Some of the main information systems currently used include the natural system, the open system and the rational systems. The rational system concentrates on the consequences and conditions of the organization’s production and general utilization of information. This managerial approach helps develop a detailed comprehension understanding of the manner in which information regarding accounting reflects and shapes organizational reality through the different methods of its application. The rational system is particularly different from the natural system because it attempts to include the introduction of a given information system both the events before and after capturing the dynamism of the characteristics. Researches done on information systems as used in organizations conclude that rational systems are static. They make an assumption that the all patterns of information applications are a response to the technical or environmental forces operating at that time. A dynamic approach incorporates the evolution of information systems as time goes by. Unlike the open system, the rational systems incorporate both past and present forces which could influence the implementation of a system. The natural approach of managing organization basically takes on board several theories in management. Unlike the other two, this type of approach towards management ensures that the employee values are the key drive in decision making. This concept of management is unique in a number of ways. One of them being that it does not equity human being to machines hence the need for the manager to develop policies that are more accommodative. It also establishes an optimum in the scope of control hence increasing employee motivation. Pay is not the only motivator of the employee hence the diversification of the remuneration package. Natural systems in management are one of the most commonly used forms of managerial and skilled employment approaches under the representative modes. Under this criterion the management’s function is conceptualized from a number of other system theories as the organizations strive to attain global recognition of its uniqueness in service delivery. Therefore, management is basically dependent on modeling the organization’s general identity. A natural system illustrates a parametrized managerial system that is structurally identifiable in case its production which corresponds to two variant parameter values is different from all inputs of a respective natural and dense subset of the overall composition of all admissible organizational inputs. In my opinion the most beneficial information systems are the natural systems. According to Flamholtz (1996), a natural system plays an extensive role in the saving of operational costs. The clarity and simplicity associated to its implementation and comprehension is a clear indicator of the efficiency of the managerial model. For instance, the employees are well motivated, self driven and work independently hence considerably reducing costs that could otherwise be used for supervisions. Similarly, through employee empowerment, the quality of service delivery by the organization is set to increase. In the long run, observing quality in service delivery in a great contribution to the organization’s reputation. Moreover, the manager benefits in popularizing the organization in terms of quality in performance. One of the most out right benefits is that of enabling the management to perform distinct information process processes necessary for the organization’s operations. These activities include evaluation, monitoring, control and prediction. At this point, the manager should appreciate that not all modeling systems are compatible to every other organization and hence the need to tailor such systems to adequately suit the subject organization. By extension the main determinant of the success of the manager is the ability to adapt, grow and survive in every aspect of managerial consideration. The management function is a direct product of the sound interaction of the organization’s environment and the management system in place (Endres Endres Chowdhury Alam, 2007). The manager benefits from this as the criteria as it offers a ground for effective communications with the employees. Of course there are diverse literature with regard to the managerial science and its respecti ve disciplines. They have different interpretations and definitions on the impacts of managerial systems depending on the organizational operations of different organizations. It will also direct its attention of the considerations of several sources of literature that concern the management function in a given organization. Another benefit of using the natural systems in management is that they help in modelling the organizational environment while at the same time responding to the key influence to the organisations (Gans, 1993). With respect to the human social organization, the natural managerial systems also address the issues of the consequential complexities. Here, the models are responsible for making the simplification of the managerial systems to ably adapt to the surrounding environments. Complexity in this dimension could mean the simplest composition of information that is necessary to comprehensively summarize an organizational process or status. For the concept of identifying structural complexity, this paper will sufficiently identify the benefits that a manager could achieve with the application of natural systems in the organization. In addition, it is clear that the more the system is integral, the higher the performance potential of the system adapting to the environmental determinant s of the organization (Foster Royce Doherty Meehan, 2009). Similarly, natural systems help in shaping the adaptive responses or the entire organization. This way, the manager is set to benefit from the structuring of the organizational behavior across all departments and transactions of the organization (Biilsberry, 1996). The definition of the organizational code of conduct and operation has a great role in the minimization of work place conflicts brought about by lack of clarity in organizational roles. Conflicts are generally a backward pull to the advancement of any organization because of the pollution of the work place environment it also leads to the devaluation of employee motivation. Natural systems of management greatly benefit the organization by increasing the performance of social and economic activities (Winston, 1988). This is achieved through clarity in definition of cultural evolution with reference to the potential capability of the managerial systems in place. The co-occurrence of formal and informal social networks that are inherent in organizations is another consideration. In any organization, sharing of tacit-to-tacit knowledge may be seen in some employee groups but not provocative in others. Therefore, some strong and informal social networks effectively facilitate the transfer of knowledge may embed in other formal structures and it is important to apply random methods of sampling to control organizational variables. Natural systems also tend to provide for a participatory approach towards decision making. There is a notable sense of self drive and self drive amongst the employees since they feel that they own the operational policies. In addition, the forums provided for by these systems go a long way in establishing all potential determinants that could influence the overall managerial system that is in place for any given organization (Kreitner, 2005). This way, the entire organization is involved in the process of decision making. This not only boost the motivation of the employees but also increases their productivity levels due to the fact that they feel they are part of the policy making panel in the organization. Participatory agent-based modeling, institution-based models, preference-based or rules of thumb decision models (experience), heuristic empirical rules, and calibration-based rules and evolutionary programming assumptions are example of natural systems decision making models tha t are empirical in nature and whose substantial efforts could be invested by a manager in organizational mechanisms and structuring of models of decision-making that are process-based to improve the performance of management function. Another benefit that can be tapped from the use of the natural systems is the generalization of individual information and knowledge through sharing of practices to the benefit of organization, and furthermore, to increase organization’s profitability. In addition, it is beneficial for the manager to possess the assumption that a knowledge management recommendation on information sharing is potentially positive and necessary (Karl Steven Drozdeck, 1991). Therefore, it is necessary for the manager to delineate between the constituent types of employees needed to employ efficient knowledge sharing strategies for maximum organization gain. In conclusion, this paper has examined all crucial influences that affect the operations of management in public sector organizations. Recently, most accounting systems have continually developed into being viewed as a technique of improving the overall efficiency and productivity of such sector organizations. Most critical-like management dynamics are composed of a curious mix that could be content or discontent, and it is for the same reason that they are constantly linked to the edge of organizational chaos (Ansari Eske, 1987). More precisely, this is a new role carried out by accounting systems in the organizations. Traditionally, accounting for information systems in the organizations was handled primarily for the purposes of fiduciary control. Whether those managerial systems could serve as an enhancement of efficiency in the organizations or not was not adequately addressed. Before management can be intensely and closely involved in the core functioning of the organizations, it is necessary to distinguish the specific results posed by the introduction of the natural managerial approach to the efficiency, cost and several other basic activities within the organizations based on the past. can write an argumentative essay on any Management topic. Our professional essay writers will help with writing your argumentative paper starting at $12/page.

The Princeton Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Princeton Review - Research Paper Example This method is so far the most effective method of inviting students to take part in the survey. For a student’s opinion to be included in the surveys data, it must be submitted through the prescribed medium like online. In addition, only one survey for each student per academic year per institution qualifies to be included in the sample data. In addition, the student must complete all sections of the survey, which include about yourself, the school academics, student and life at school. The results collected from the survey data may not be scientific. This is because the survey is conducted on a continuous basis and the results are used in subsequent rankings. This can affect the results because there can be differing answers due to the change in situations in the learning institutions. However, the main reason why the results can be said to be far from scientific is due to the process, which the data is collected. First, scientific data gathering is based on hypothesis and data driven science. In scientific survey, a hypothesis is formed, and the data collected to prove or disapprove the hypothesis. In addition, scientific surveys are data driven, and the data used to show patterns. They also involve observations such as field studies rather than surveys, which are used by Princeton review. In addition, in scientific surveys, there is use of calculations that are supported by physical laws in their fields but this cannot be relevant in surveys used by Princeton re view. Lastly, collection of results does not use non-random samples of the populations. For example, specific people are used to conduct such surveys, and this affects the findings relating to the entire population. This undermines objective surveys in the learning institutions and does not reflect the views of the whole population hence not being scientific. Selection bias occurs when the interviewer

Causal argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Causal argument - Essay Example eater prevalence for an individual with a biological sister or mother who suffers from an eating disorder developing the disorder, signifying a possible genetic link. Furthermore, researches in the field of human twins portray a genetic association of anorexia. Nevertheless, until now there has not been any explanation as to the role of genetics in the causes of anorexia. However, it has been discovered an area on chromosome 1 which appears to be connected with an increased vulnerability to anorexia. Anorexia nervosa is understood to be genetic, with projected inheritance rates varying from 56% to 84% (Kortegaard et al 361–365). There is also a high probability that some people have a genetic propensity toward thoroughness, sensitivity, and perseverance, all traits associated with anorexia. In addition, one of the brain chemicals known as serotonin involved in depression may play a role in development of anorexia (Watson 20-54). Environmental and socio-cultural studies have decorated the role of cultural factors, such as the endorsement of thinness as the supreme female shape in European developed nations, particularly through the media. The media is mainly defined with images and advertisement of thin celebrities, models, and superstars. This has had great impact since in the modern society success is always associated with being thin. It is also highly likely that peer pressure may influence the longing to be slim, particularly in youthful women. Moreover, populace in professions such as dancers and models which put emphasis on slim shape there is a particular social pressure to be thin are much more likely to develop anorexia at some stage in the path of their career. There has also been an obsession among teenage girls to be overly anxious about their weight and deem those slim to be better looking amongst their peers and thus have tendency to practice weight-control behaviors leading to anorexia. Furthermore, women have developed the hype to consume

Ford :: essays research papers

The Ford Motor Company led what has been called a revolution. Henry Ford restructured everything from the salaries of employees to the work ethic they demonstrated. He did numerous things that were considered absurd and unrealistic at the time. This included the introduction of the $5.00 work day, and with this the desire to control his workers lives. In a way he did this for the better of the workers and the better of the company. The $5.00 per day rate was not as dumb as people perceived it to be. In reality, it was the perfect thing to do. Henry Ford gradually increased the wages of Ford Motor Company employees. His main objective in doing this was to motivate his employees into being more dedicated and motivated, and increase production overall. Henry Ford did not have the reputation of being especially munificent to his workers, but he was in no way parsimonious. His salaries did not often exceed the going rate of about $1.90 for Model T production workers for a ten-hour day in 1908. The average salary for production workers increased to around $2.50 by 1913 with a minimum of just $2.34. In October of 1913 a man named John R. Lee, recruited from the Kiem Mills to reform the company’s wage structure, developed an ingenious job-ladder system. This innovative system allowed increased wages for the upper crust portion of the working core. These elite workers had incentives to work their way from the $2.34 minimum to over $4.00 a day. This was a wage increase of 13%! This system was developed to increase labor turnover and create a more stable and committed workforce. This wage increase was copiously overshadowed by the increase to $5.00 a day just three months later. This pay raise was coupled with a reduction in work hours. Henry Ford replaced the two existing nine-hour shifts with a new nonstop rotation of eight-hour shifts around the clock. The new pay raise was part of a complicated system. The basic pay rate was to remain at $2.34. Workers could then reach a â€Å"wage† of $5.00 by earning a â€Å"profit-sharing† bonus. Workers could acquire this bonus on their paycheck regularly by meeting a few qualifications. They had to put in at least six months of service and be twenty-two years old.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At first, many people adored the idea of $5.00 per day. On January 5, 1914, Henry Ford announced this bonus plan.

Scarcity of Water

Water scarcity involves water stress, water deficits, water shortage and water crisis. The concept of water stress is relatively new. Water stress is the difficulty of obtaining sources of fresh water for use, because of depleting resources. Some have presented maps showing the physical existence of water in nature to show nations with lower or higher volumes of water available for use. Others have related water availability to population. A popular approach has been to rank countries according to the amount of annual water resources available per person.For example, according to the Falkenmark Water Stress Indicator a country or region is said to experience â€Å"water stress† when annual water supplies drop below 1,700 cubic metres per person per year. At levels between 1,700 and 1,000 cubic metres per person per year, periodic or limited water shortages can be expected. When water supplies drop below 1,000 cubic metres per person per year, the country faces â€Å"water sca rcity† The United Nations' FAO states that by 2025, 1. billion people will be living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity, and two-thirds of the world population could be under stress conditionsThe World Bank adds that climate change could profoundly alter future patterns of both water availability and use,thereby increasing levels of water stress and insecurity, both at the global scale and in sectors that depend on waterAnother measurement, calculated as part of a wider assessment of water management in 2007,[6] aimed to relate water availability to how the resource was actually used.It therefore divided water scarcity into ‘physical’ and ‘economic’. Physical water scarcity is where there is not enough water to meet all demands, including that needed for ecosystems to function effectively. Arid regions frequently suffer from physical water scarcity. It also occurs where water seems abundant but where resources are over-committed, suc h as when there is overdevelopment of hydraulic infrastructure for irrigation. Symptoms of physical water scarcity include environmental degradation and declining groundwater. Water stress harms living things because every organism needs water to live.